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魏来 贾继东:新型冠状病毒肺炎合并肝脏损伤的预防及诊疗方案 ...

2020-3-26 10:48 /来自: 丙肝虚拟社区


六 、COVID-19合并肝损伤的治疗




对于COVID-19合并肝损伤的治疗,首要的和基本的治疗是针对原发病COVID-19的治疗,根据具体病情给予合理的氧疗、抗新型冠状病毒治疗、抗细菌和真菌感染治疗及对症支持治疗等。同时,应结合肝脏及其他器官损伤分级,给予综合治疗。其中,针对肝损伤的治疗建议如下:


1.轻度肝脏生化学异常者:

目前并无证据显示使用抗炎保肝药物可以改善患者的预后。一般不需要使用抗炎保肝药物。


2.急性肝损伤者:

应尽可能分析判断其可能的原因并采取相应措施,同时密切监测ALT、AST、总胆红素、直接胆红素、白蛋白、PTA(INR),以及时识别急性肝衰竭的发生。可以酌情选用成分相对清楚、作用机制相对明确、质量控制规范可靠的具有抗炎、保肝、退黄作用的保肝类药物,但其种类不宜过多(一般不超过2种)。对于诊断为低氧性肝炎者,应加强呼吸和循环支持。对于怀疑药物性肝损伤者,应考虑停用或减量应用可疑药物,具体请参照2015年版《药物性肝损伤诊治指南》处理[20]。


3.对于急性肝衰竭患者:

加强病情监护,积极给予对症、支持治疗,推荐肠内营养,纠正低蛋白血症;病因明确者,应积极针对病因进行治疗。具体请参照我国《肝衰竭诊治指南(2018年版)》处理[19]。





七、预后




轻型和普通型COVID-19患者,与COVID-19本身或其治疗措施相关的肝脏生化学异常往往在COVID-19康复后自然恢复,与患者病死率并无明显关系。


重型和危重型COVID-19患者往往在缺氧改善后肝损伤也能得以缓解,其死亡的主要原因是呼吸功能衰竭,有些患者还可能是死于脓毒性休克和循环衰竭。


低氧性肝炎患者在呼吸和循环功能改善后,肝损伤也大多能顺利恢复。


原有基础慢性肝病患者的预后,取决于其基础肝病的严重程度和治疗效果。





八、有待解决的问题




作为一个新发传染病,COVID-19合并肝损伤的病因、病理生理机制、临床特点及转归尚未完全阐明。至少还有以下几点需要进一步研究:


1. COVID-19合并肝损伤的定义及诊断标准。


2. COVID-19合并肝损伤的病因和发病机制。


3. COVID-19合并肝损伤的临床特点及预后。


4. 通过设计良好的真实世界临床研究,探索针对COVID-19合并肝损伤的有效治疗方法。


5. 通过长期随访,阐明伴有肝脏生化学异常或急性肝损伤的COVID-19患者,特别是重型和危重型患者的长期预后。





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